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Free, publicly-accessible full text available October 18, 2026
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This paper gives a brief survey of current state-of-the-art techniques for formal verification of arithmetic circuits with suggestions for future work. In contrast to standard BDD or SAT-based approach that require a reference circuit it concentrates on Symbolic Computer Algebra (SCA) and related techniques that verify the circuits w.r.t. its abstract arithmetic specification. We examine the original computer algebra method; review the algebraic techniques of forward and backward rewriting; and AIG rewriting. We also propose a "hardware rewriting" method, which replaces algebraic rewriting by hardware synthe- sis of the circuit under verification appended with an inverse of the circuit, expecting it to be reduced to a redundant one.more » « less
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